Difference between a Marketing Plan and a Business Plan Essay

Essays on Difference between a Marketing Plan and a Business Plan Essay The paper â€Å"Difference between a Marketing Plan and a Business Plan† is a   thrilling example of an essay on marketing. A marketing plan is a detailed outline that is meant to show the efforts in marketing that an organization has. A marketing plan, therefore, shows the goals that an organization seeks to achieve in selling its products be they goods or services. On the other hand, a business plan refers to a statement that is written and it sets out the goals that a business seeks to achieve. A business plan also sets out reasons which inform the beliefs that the goals set by the business can be attained. A business plan often bears information about the organization which is attempting to attain the set goals. A business plan could be geared toward changing the way that a business is viewed by various stakeholders in the business. The stakeholders who are important in this regard include the clients and also the community at large. Whenever an organization seeks to ove rhaul its business plan, it is important that such a plan should be made having in mind about three to five years.There is a marked difference between a marketing plan and a business plan. The difference lies in the fact that the marketing plan tends to be more specific. A marketing plan tends to cover only how an organization is going to achieve the set goals in its sales. On the other hand, a business plan tends to be more comprehensive and covers more ground and areas unlike a marketing plan (Abrams, 2003). A business plan could be said to cover the business as a whole and each and every aspect of the business. A business plan, therefore, could have more impact on the image of the organization to the outside world since every person is able to understand the ideals of the business. At times, a marketing plan could be part of the business plan. This means that in terms of scope, the business plan covers more areas, unlike a marketing plan which is only concerned with attaining cer tain levels of sales that an organization seeks to achieve. A market plan could act as a guide. In this respect, a marketing plan guides the organization to know how much to produce based on the perceived size of the target market (Mathur, 2006). A business plan should also act as a benchmark against which an organization is able to establish whether it has attained a given set of objectives. The following essay, therefore, looks at the important contents of a marketing plan and its central role in a business.DiscussionThe key purpose of developing a marketing plan is to enable a business to relate to its customers. However, a marketing plan is not only developed for the sole purpose of engaging with the customers that a business has. There are other functions that the marketing plan serves and which are also very critical for the purposes of a business (McKeever, 2008). For a business to grow, it requires to attract and retain customers. The attraction and retention of customers sh ould be coupled with a bigger picture whereby this should not be a one-off thing. The business should aim at having the customers attracting other customers and this would ensure that a business continues expanding (Cowper, 2006). A marketing plan should, therefore, be responsive to the changing and different needs of its clientele and this can only be discovered through constant interactions, research and getting of feedback from the clients of such a business.

Relationship Between Civil Rights Movement Feminist Agenda Free Essays

In this Essay I will examine relationship between Civil Rights Movement and how the feminist agenda of second wave feminism. Furthermore, I will explain how women shaped the Civil Rights Movement, and also how they redefined their own feminism because of the ways in which they interacted with the movement. In 1952, the separate but equal laws were once again challenged in the case of Brown vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Civil Rights Movement Feminist Agenda or any similar topic only for you Order Now the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The case was based on the segregation of educational facilities. The NAACP changed their focus from integrating higher educational facilities to integrated grade schools. After the change, the NAACP stepped in on this case and argued that segregated educational facilities were unequal, degrading to black students, and violated the fourteenth amendment’s guarantee for equal protection. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and did violate the fourteenth amendment. The decision of Plessy vs. Ferguson had finally been overturned and public schools were to be integrated. Brown vs. the Board of Education was a victory for the blacks, however southern whites reacted to the court’s decision with extreme racism. There were two major reasons for the civil rights movement one was Impact of WWII and Brown vs. Board of Education. Females played great role in Civil rights movement. One sit-in involved Anne Moody the author of Coming of Age in Mississippi. During this sit-in, whites at the lunch counter attacked Anne Moody and other activist, but they didn’t give up until they were escorted out by the police. This is what happened on the evening of December l, 1955: Parks took the bus because she was feeling particularly tired after a long day at work. She was sitting in the middle section, glad to be off her feet at last, when a white man boarded the bus and demanded that her row be cleared because the white section was full. The others in the row obediently moved to the back of the bus, but Parks just didn’t feel like standing for the rest of the journey, and she quietly refused to move. At this, the white bus driver threatened to call the police unless Parks gave her up her seat, but she refused to give up her seat and bus driver called the police and they arrested her. So this respectable, middle-aged woman was taken to the police station, where she was fingerprinted and jailed. She was allowed to make one phone call. She called a NAACP lawyer, who arranged for her to be released on bail. Word of Parks’s arrest spread quickly, and the Women’s Political Council decided to protest her treatment by organizing a boycott of the buses. Women designed bus boycott. Jo Ann Robinson who was College Professor who talked to her friend who was attorney to help Mrs. Parks and also he helped to spread the news of bus boycott. The boycott was set for December 5, the day of Parks’s trial, but Martin Luther King, Jr. nd other prominent members of Montgomery’s black community realized that here was a chance to take a firm stand on segregation. As a result, the Montgomery Improvement Association was formed to organize a boycott that would continue until the bus segregation laws were changed. Leaflets were distributed telling people not to ride the buses, and other forms of transport were laid on. The boycott lasted 382 days, causing the Bus Company to lose a vast amount of money. Everyone played and tried their best to keep up with the boycott. They walked to work etc. One day this old lady who looked very tired and this white men saw her and offered her to ride in his car, she responded â€Å"my feets is tired, but my soul is rested† Meanwhile, Parks was fined for failing to obey a city ordinance, but on the advice of her lawyers she refused to pay the fine so that they could challenge the segregation law in court. The following year, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled the Montgomery segregation law illegal, and the boycott was at last called off. Yet Parks had started far more than a bus boycott. Other cities followed Montgomery’s example and were protesting their segregation laws. Also they did other acts such as The March on Washington, Martin Luther King’s speech. Mean reason they had many organiztion which were orgainized very well such as NAACP, SNCC, and also their success was because Non violent direct confrontation. They knew the consequences breaking the rules but they desire and wants were much more stronger. Second wave of feminism they want a right too This protest begin in 1950 and died in 1984. They want to have equal pay, higher education, and want to end the discrimination. Second Wave feminism had two branches, Liberal Feminists and Radical Feminists also Working class women played great role too. Liberal Feminist’s objectives were for equality within the existing social structure and also equality with men. However, Radical Feminists objectives were to breakdown of the system of power that sustains mail advantage in every sphere of life, including economics, politics, the family, religion, law, education, science, and medicine, as well as in the interactions of everyday life. Also Radical women are not defined as white, middle class agenda rather social class and ethnicity/race define the issues facing women also. The relationship between the Civil Rights Movement and the feminist agenda of Second wave feminism those women played great role in both. They both of these want to have equal rights, at work, school, and also end the discrimination. Civil Rights Movement and Second Wave of Feminism struggled greatly but they had great success. In conclusion, I would say that Civil Rights Movement and Second Wave of Feminism struggled a lot but after all it was worth it. They had many similarities and women played great roles organizing meetings and interaction with other women that brought unity and that lead them into success. How to cite Relationship Between Civil Rights Movement Feminist Agenda, Papers

Small Business That Either Offers Products â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Small Business That Either Offers Products? Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurs usually start, organize and manage businesses bearing in mind the initiative and the risk that they are taking so that they can receive a reward at the end of the business process. As managers, they usually take part in the overseeing the implementation of new business procedures and the launching of new products in the market due to their creativity, innovation and the desire to fill the gaps that exist in the market (Sami, 1989). In this paper, I will write a report summarizing the most important insights that I have learned and gathered from the research about one entrepreneur named Laurine. I will look into the patterns, the similarities as well as the differences that exist between the entrepreneurship theory and her entrepreneurial orientation, behavior, and mindset. Type of entrepreneur From the research, Laurine can be said to be a determined entrepreneur. This is because, even though she has not yet made it be the person that she wants to be in business, she still strives hard to achieve it irrespective of the circumstances (Kaplan, Warren, 2010). She greatly sees the value in entrepreneurship and feels that it is possible to achieve the success that she desires even without copying what other people are doing and she thus devotes herself to do anything that it takes for her to grow her business. Even though starting and ensuring a steady growth in business is hard, Laurine commits to the task, and this shows the possibility of her business thriving in future. For an entrepreneur to get where they want to be in future, they need to change their mindset such that they focus on the shape they know their reality is likely to take (Kuratko, Hoskinson, 2017). Factors that motivate people to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities Different entrepreneurs have varying opinions or perspectives on why they undertake entrepreneurship. One of the things which motivate people to undertake entrepreneurial activities is passion. When individuals have the belief in something, they usually have the courage of getting involved in risk taking business ventures. It is as a result of the passion that they have that they have the faith that they can push through their business ideas and they can achieve this through sheer hard work and perseverance (Krueger, 2002). It is the energy that arises from their passion that motivates the entrepreneurs to keep pressing on even when things do not go as expected. The other thing that motivates people to take part in entrepreneurial opportunities is the desire for self-reliance. When people are employed, they do not have the freedom to execute or solve problems as they desire because they have to follow the protocols set in the organization. Some people are thus motivated by this to en gage in entrepreneurial activities so that they can fully exercise their creativity, enjoy a sense of freedom and also be independent. The third thing which motivates individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities is the feeling of accomplishment. In this case, some people out of the feeling of pride usually develop the desire to make a difference in the society that they live in through the establishment of business ventures. People want to become their bosses so that they can derive satisfaction from that, give their customers the best experiences and also strive hard without limit so that they can achieve the desired level of excellence. The other thing that motivates people to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities is the desire to attain the sense of control. This is because the entrepreneurs have a job security and complete control over all activities that are taking place in their businesses and this great aids in the driving of their skills. The other thing that motivates people to take part in the business ventures is the desire to attain personal growth. Running a personal business achieves an individual to achieve growth because through the challenges that they face on a daily basis, they can become conscious of who they are and this greatly assists in the achievement of their desired phenomenal growth. Having no one to rely on, entrepreneurs do not have options rather than working on their weaknesses so that they can be in a position to see their businesses grow. Challenges faced by entrepreneurs One of the challenges that entrepreneurs usually encounter in their business ventures is lack of adequate capital. In this, inadequate capital usually plagues many businesses especially the startup and this at times leads to the closure of businesses (Ortiz, Sahut, 2014). In most of the cases, when businesses are starting up, they do not have the required cash flow, and this interferes with their operations. The setting of the prices is also an issue because if they set the prices too high, they may end up not getting customers and this will lead to low sales while on the other hand if they set the prices too low, the business will not be profitable. They thus encounter difficulties when making the right pricing decision. The other challenge that the entrepreneurs face is the weak management. The fact remains that an individual has adequate knowledge and skills of being a creative entrepreneur does not guarantee them of being a good manager. They are usually faced with the challenge of ensuring that they recruit the best employees to fill the existing positions. The entrepreneurs are thus supposed to ensure that they hire a string management so that they can be in a position to work hand in hand to ensure that they provide goods and services that meet the needs of their clients. The hiring of a weak management team can result in poor operational performance in the organization and also inadequate business plan (Kaufmann, Shams, 2015). To ensure a strong management team, entrepreneurs should consider offering regular training to their employees so that they can be in a position to perform effectively and also develop a business plan that is solid. The third challenge that the entrepreneurs usually encounter is ineffective marketing. Even though a business may be having very good, unique and high-quality products which have a great potential market appeal, they should consider advertising in a very cost-effective manner so that they can reach a wide scope of customers. If the entrepreneurs do not carry out market research, they are not likely to know the best time to introduce their products or services in the market or to know whether the size of the market is adequate to support its business activities. Entrepreneurs should thus carry out a market research so that they can familiarize themselves with the market that they want to invest in and hence the best marketing strategy that they should adopt so that they can reach a wide scope of the target market (Davidsson, 2008). However, consideration should be taken into to ensure that the cost of marketing is less than the revenue that the business is likely to receive from the s ale of the products so that the business can earn a profit. If the costs are greater than the revenue, the business will not be profitable. Importance of teamwork in entrepreneurship One of the importance of teamwork in entrepreneurship is that ideas flourish. In this, when the entrepreneurs work as a team, they can feel comfortable sharing ideas with each other and this usually leads to brainstorming of information which is beneficial to all teams. In addition to this, teams that work together can research a team, and this reduces the costs that each of the entrepreneurs could have incurred carrying out their research. The other importance of teamwork in entrepreneurship is that the team members can support each other. In this, they assist each other in the improvement of their performance, achieve development professionally, and this results in the development of trust between them (Glauser, 2016). Importance of networking in entrepreneurship Networking is considered to be key to the achievement of business development and personal growth among the entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs thus need to network with each other so that they can draw energy from each other and hence achieve the desired success. One of the importance of networking in entrepreneurship is that people have the opportunity to share knowledge and ideas. This greatly aids in the expansion of their knowledge which gives them an opportunity to view issues from a different perspective. The other importance of networking is that it always leads to opportunities through referrals among other methods such as partnerships and requests for products or services. Networking thus assists the entrepreneurs in taking advantage of the opportunities available. The other importance of networking is that it increases the confidence of the entrepreneurs. In this, when the entrepreneurs network regularly and push themselves in interacting with people they dont know, they can rais e their level of confidence. This attribute is very imperative for the entrepreneur because the growth of their business ventures highly depends on the connections that they have and interaction with other people (Corbett, Katz, 2013). Patterns, differences, and similarities between entrepreneurship theory and an entrepreneurs mindset, orientation and behavior One of the similarities that Laurine mindset, behavior and orientation have with the entrepreneurship theory is that she is fully committed to giving her best in her business venture. She ensures that she carries out adequate market research so that she can know what the customers out there need. The other similarity is that she is very innovative. In this, to fill the gaps that exist in the market, she works towards the creation of new products in the market and opening up of new markets (Little, Go, Poon, 2017). In entrepreneurship theory, the entrepreneurs need to be very innovative, organize their abilities and also ignore the risk taking. Her mind is set on achieving the goals, and that is why she considers interacting with the other entrepreneurs in the market and working as a team to be of great importance. This is because, through this, they can trust each other and then offer assistance so that they can grow professionally. One of the differences between Laurine mindset and the entrepreneurship theory is that she focuses on being a risk taker instead of being risk averse. In this, before investing any business venture, Laurine should ensure that the cost involved in the building up of the business idea and implementing it is less than the revenue expected from it. Laurine should focus on being a risk averse individual such that she should only invest in the business venture whose expected revenue is greater than the costs involved (Schulte, Sauer, 2014). The other issue is that the entrepreneurs should learn to be consistent and reliable. In this, they should ensure that they produce goods and services that are high quality so that once they attract customers; they can be in a position to retain them. In addition to this, they should always focus on their passion, their desire to achieve self-control, independence, and reliance so that they can be motivated towards reaching their set goals. Finally, it is clear that entrepreneurs need to remain focused at all times so that they can achieve and maintain a steady growth in their businesses. References Corbett, A. Katz, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial resourcefulness : competing with constraints. Bingley, U.K: Emerald. Davidsson, P. (2008). The entrepreneurship research challenge. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Glauser, M. (2016). Main street entrepreneur : build your dream company doing what you love where you live. Irvine, California: Entrepreneur Press. Kaplan, J. Warren, A. (2010). Patterns of entrepreneurship management. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Kaufmann, H. Shams. (2015). Entrepreneurial challenges in the 21st century : creating stakeholder value co-creation. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Krueger, N. (2002). Entrepreneurship : critical perspectives on business and management. London New York: Routledge. Kuratko, D. Hoskinson, S. (2017). The great debates in entrepreneurship. Bingley, U.K: Emerald Publishing Limited. Little, S., Go, F. Poon, T. (2017). Global innovation and entrepreneurship : challenges and experiences from East and West. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. Ortiz, M. Sahut. (2014). New challenges in entrepreneurship and finance : examining the prospects for sustainable business development, performance, innovation, and economic growth. Cham: Springer. Sami. (1989). Entrepreneurship development in India. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. Schulte, A. Sauer, B. (2014). Entrepreneurship : theory, role of economic development and practices. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Welsch, H. (2004). Entrepreneurship : the way ahead. New York: Routledge.

Soc 120 Essay Example

Soc 120 Essay Do you think people’s perceptions of others play a role in the success of students with disabilities? Why or why not? Choose one law covered in Chapter 1. These include IDEA, NCLB, Section 504 and ADA. How does your chosen law protect students with disabilities from negative perceptions and beliefs? Week 1 discussion 1 and 2 I believe that people’s perception does play a role in the success of students with disabilities. It is human nature to stare, fear or ridicule people who appear or act different from what we consider to be normal. For students with physical handicaps or limitations, their self-image is very important to them. They get upset and sometimes depress because they can’t do certain things as other children can because they need the help of other people. These kids are aware that of the fact that they are physically different that most others and that there are certain things they cannot do. What people think of them does affect their self-esteem. Children with disabilities want to succeed and participate as much as they can and this needs to be encouraged and fostered by the teachers and by their family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Soc 120 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Soc 120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Soc 120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The focus needs to be on what the child can do not cant do. The law I chose is the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† (NCLB). The law emphasizes assessment and accountability, and requires states to show adequate yearly progress in raising student’s achievements. The aim is to improve reading and mathematics for all children including children with disabilities. The law gives children with disabilities a fair chance for a good education. Since not all disable children are capable of taking the same test as other students in their grade. The law provides some allowance and accommodations for special needs children such as large print test, booklets, extended test periods, small groups or a one on one testing session, helping students write their answers using Braille, sign language translators and computers. Standards-based reform: a process that identifies the academic content (reading, mathematics, science, etc. ) (Turnbull, Turnbull, amp; Wehmeyer, p. 34 , 2010). The goal to challenge the students with academic content that cultivates all students and results in achievement. This helps students individually by setting standards and making assessments based on the curriculum that they are teaching to the sdtudents. This in turn shows accountability to the students, families, and the community (Turnbull, Turnbull, amp; Wehmeyer, p. 35, 2010). Depending on the disability, their are alternate standards that mark progress if needed, so that it can help the individual student meet the standards of the certain state that the student is in. It also helps the individual by teaming up with the Individualized Education Program to the general curriculum to make sure that the child is getting specific curriculum taught to them that is making sure that they are advancing in their learning in school and society. The IEPs of students with all types and significance of disabilities should reflect general education standards. No student should be denied the opportunity to participate in academic life of the school community. At the same time, some students may require additional goals (such as independent living or vocational goals) not necessarily referenced to academic standards (www. fcsn. org). Discussion 2 Choose one of the following concepts to elaborate on: Supplementary Aids and Services, Standards-Based Reform Movement, or Individualized Education Program. Provide a brief description of your chosen component. How does this component support individual student progress? Cite one source, in addition to the class text, to substantiate your response The Individual Education Program (IEP) is designed to meet the special educational needs of one child, who may have a disability, as defined by federal regulations. The IEP is intended to help children reach educational goals more easily than they otherwise would. IEP is meant to ensure that students receive an appropriate placement, not only special education classrooms or special schools. It is meant to give the student a chance to participate in normal school culture and academics as much as is possible for that individual student. In this way, the student is able to have specialized assistance only when such assistance is absolutely necessary, and otherwise maintains the freedom to interact with and participate in the activities of his or her more general school peers. This program is very helpful for students because parents can work together with teachers to develop a plan, to help the student do better in school and to success in school. The IEP describes the goals the team sets for a child during the school year, as well as any special support needed to help achieve them. As a parent, you can decide whether to have your child assessed. If you choose to do so, youll be asked to sign a permission form that will detail who is involved in the process and the types of tests they use. These tests might include measures of specific school skills, such as reading or math, as well as more general developmental skills, such as speech and language. Testing does not necessarily mean that a child will receive services. Once the team members complete their individual assessments, they develop a comprehensive evaluation report (CER) that compiles their findings, offers an educational classification, and outlines the skills and support the child will need. The parents then have a chance to review the report before the IEP is developed. Some parents will disagree with the report, and they will have the opportunity to work together with the school to come up with a plan that best meets the childs needs. http://www2. ed. gov/parents/needs/speced/iepguide/index. html A Guide to the Individualized Education Program U. S. Department of Education July 2000

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buy custom Hospitality Law essay Non -Compete Provisions / Restrictive Covenants: a) What are they? Restrictive covenants or Non-Compete Provisions are said to be obligations where employers often incorporate post-termination obligations into an employees contract of employment hence an employee agrees not to do certain things after he or she leaves the company. They usually designed to protect and safeguard the employers business and are usually enforceable only to protect unfair competitive use of both customer contacts and trade secrets. b) Are they used in hospitality industry? The hotel industry is largely engaging itself in Protective Trade Secrets through Non-Competition Agreements thus with the rising occupancy and room rates that are cropping a turnaround in the hospitality industry, it is thus regarded that all the relevant time share organizations are duly placing an increased emphasis on keeping and attracting the best employees. But it is also good to know in a wide view what really happens when your best employee who the organization has fully invested heavily in and entrusted with the organizations best kept trade secrets, makes a decision to abandon the organization and join the completion. For instance in a recognized case from the mid 1990s, Radisson came up with an action against Westin and its chief executive officer, whereby the morals of the case was very clear in that an individual or an organization may be able to get an award of damages for valuable trade secrets that are actually lost or disclosed to an immediate competitor. It is therefore better to protect the trade secrets ahead by avoiding your employees from engaging into enforceable non-competition agreements because this might bring about the meaning of the difference between keeping, or sharing, your trade secrets and holding onto that very amazing and star employee in regard to the hospitality industry. c) What other industries are they utilized? Restrictive covenants are widely used in most sectors with regard to the safeguarding of the most trusted business secrets and information.. Moreover currently with many of the people changing jobs frequently, an employers very need to protect its important information is very vital and secure. Thus For instance, physicians are still trying to maintain successfully that restricting employment beyond 20 or 30 miles approximately from the employers place of business which is necessary to protect the physician business interests. Similarly the restrictive covenants are widely used in consultancy services of different fields, this can be noted greatly in the case of in Pathfinder, LLC v. Luck, whereby the employer provided consulting services to a chemical industry. Again they are largely used in manufacturing industries to safeguard the same from their manufacturing interests and hence control their businesses more better with their competitors out of hand, that is with no relevant information about them. d) Legal cases that demonstrate the meaning and significance of the provisions/covenants. Case one: Sherman v. Pfefferkorn The issue it was noted that during the course of his duties, the deliveryman acquired valuable information regarding customers' names and addresses and upon his termination, used all this information to compete with his former employer. Applicable rule: frankly speaking, a specific restriction in a non-compete agreement that stops a former employee from competing or working for a competitor thus this may be deemed reasonable and enforceable. Analysis: thus if the restrictions in the said covenant not to compete are unenforceable because they are more than overbroad, then the court will look deeply at the covenant to make the restrictions more than narrow thus making the covenant enforceable. Conclusion: Hence the court noted that "contracts restraining freedom of employment can be enforced only when they are reasonable and not wider than is necessary for the protection to which the employer is entitled and when not injurious to the public interest, thus the court enforced the agreement. Case two: Wells v. Wells The issue: this case here illustrates the most important distinction between buyer-seller and employer-employee non-competition agreements. The central issue in the case involved the reasonableness of the limitation on competition in Fall River and New Bedford. Applicable rule: holistically a geographical restriction in a restrictive covenant that safeguards an ex-employee from working for a competitor in a specific area or single location or the same is deemed or said to be reasonable, thus moreover those that restrict her from competing or engaging in this activities in a wider area or anywhere else unreasonable and unenforceable. Analysis: thus it is always important to largely ensure that the geographical limits are deemed reasonable in the consideration of the market or client served by the employee, or hence the specific covenants become unenforceable. Conclusion: hence the court duly upheld that the enforcement of the non-competition agreement, explaining that the good will interest a paty could protect was more expansive in the buyer-seller setting, hence unenforceable. Case three: Alexander Alexander, Inc. v. Danahy Issue: The non-competition covenants issue in this case arises out of an arrangement that had aspects of both a sale of a business and a contract of employment. Applicable rule: strategically the specific will to a change in the due terms and conditions of employment provide sufficient consideration to support a covenant not to compete entered into after the employment relationship has begun. Analysis: there should be no difficulty in concluding that the restrictions should apply the standards applicable to covenants that arise out of the sale of a business, hence every vital information should be looked at importantly for this to be deemed reasonable. Conclusion: The court henceforth concluded that all the restrictive covenants were generally a very important and integral part of the said agreement for the sale of the business. Part two: Trademark Law A Trademark is simply a brand identifier in form of a word, name, symbol, phrase or their combination utilized or meant to be used commercially to distinguish a particular manufacturers products from anothers and to show the source of the products. In some circumstances a trademark protection may stretch beyond mere words or letters to encompass broader aspects such as a products color or its packaging. Trademark rights give the owner a legal ownership and exclusive rights to utilize the mark for commercial purposes. For a trademark to be registered it must be very distinctive. By distinctive the law stipulates that a trademark must have the ability to clearly identify the source of a particular product it is being used on. The sole purpose of trademarks apart from giving manufacturers a reason to invest in quality products is that they make it obvious to the consumers the product identity and source. Trademark laws regulate the proper use of trademarks by giving a producer the rights to commercialize the mark nationwide for a given period of time, file an infringement suit in a federal court and recover damages, trade fees and other remedies in the event of a breach of that trademark. After a trademark qualifies for protection, the rights to the trademark can be gained either by being the first to commercialize the mark or being the first to file a registration with the U.S Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The most important aspect they consider before application is the depiction of a particular trademark. The applicant is first required to include a very clear presentation of the trademark in question and the precise products to which the mark will be used. A search on the USPTO database is then conducted to check for any similar existing mark before the applicant specifies the basis for the filing. The applicant may then continue to file their trademark application online through Trademark electronic application system (TEAS). The filing fee for any application is based on the number of marks applied for, the number of classes of goods in the application and the version of the filing form being used with the filing fee of the TEAS plus version of the form being $275 per a class of listed goods/services and the regular TEAS form being $325 per a class of listed goods/services. Ritz Hotel Limited vs. Shanghai Huangpu Lichi Leisure and Fitness Co. Ltd. On April 7, 2008, the Shanghais Intermediate Peoples Court heard a case of Ritz Hotel, Limited v. Shanghai Huangpu Lichi Leisure and Fitness Co. Ltd. regarding trademark infringement issues. Issue: The plaintiff, RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L.L.C contends the use of the defendants, Shanghai Huangpu Lichi Leisure and Fitness Co mark RITS which in their view is similar to their already registered trademark RITZ with the two being players in the same service industry. Rule of law: Rule Statement The similarity between two Trademarks is determined in accordance with Article 9, Paragraph 2 of the Supreme Peoples Courts Decree. When compared, a plaintiffs mark is found to be similar to that of a defendants if the design, pronunciation, combination of colors, composition, connotation or the overall appearance of the elements combined causes confusion to the consumers as to the source of the goods or services or infers a means of connection between the two. Application of the law to the case facts In the case at hand, the RITZ is compared with RITS. They both consist of four identical letters except for the fourth letter; both have a similar appearance in block letters and they share a very close pronunciation. The defendant mark, RITS appears to be very similar to that of the plaintiffs RITZ trademark with a very high likelihood of causing confusion among the consumers as to the particular legitimate service provider. Conclusion The court decided that plaintiff has the legally exclusive right to the RITZ trademark since according to the Trademark Laws that right was the first to be approved and registered for the commercialization of their service. In absence of the permisssion from the registrant, it constitutes a trademark infringement upon a registered trademark to similarly use it on identical goods/service. Part 3: Protecting Recipes / Trade Secrets / Trade Dress a). Can recipes be legally protected from being copied? All the written form of recipes can be legally protected from being copied by use of copyright law, hence these can only be done once they are recorded in some manner or way, and for instance, they can be recorded on tape or else written down. b) Trade secrets and how they can be protected: information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, methods, technique, or process, that: (i) derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use, and (ii) is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy.(according to Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA).Significantly trade secret protection is based mainly on a confidential relationship which would not harm the employer and his business interests. c) Trade dress and how they can be protected: Generally Trade dress can be referred to as the total overall look and feel of any product or service, thus it incorporates any element or feature that may show the origin of the service or product. Hence to be protected, trade dress must be distinctive and non-functional. d) Legal Cases for each concept: Case one : Urantia Foundation v. Maaherra Issue: the underlying issue in this case was that the court had to decide extensively whether a book believed by both parties to be the words of celestial beings was copyrightable. Applicable rule: generally where an issue in hand is to be proved not to be copyrightable, then the court must take full measures to make both parties understand the materials are deemed to be protected when they represent full original work of the owner. Analysis: it is of great importance for parties to understand fully about copyright ownership, as for the foundation claiming to own the copyright and the defendant claiming that the book was not copyrightable because no human creativity was involved in creating the book. Then it is of due importance that the court will rule reasonably from the books content. Conclusion: The court held that even if the books content originated with a celestial being, there had been sufficient human selection and arrangement of material to satisfy copyright laws originality requirement. 114 F3d 955 (9th Cir 1997). Case two: MAGISTRO v. LOU INC Issue: the underlying issue in this case is that one party alleges that the other party committed a breach of contract and thus henceforth violated the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act, and also violated the trade secrets act. Applicable rule: When reviewing questions of law, an appellate court has an obligation to resolve the questions independently of the conclusion. (Douglas Cty. Sch. Dist. 0001 v. Johanns,reached by the trial court. 269 Neb. 664, 694 N.W.2d 668 (2005)). Analysis: there is absolutely no doubt that the only question to be addressed here is whether Nolan with his specific engagements breached the contracts with Magistro by using trade secrets obtained from Magistro in the operation of Nolan's restaurants. Conclusion: The trial court found no basis upon which it could rule in Magistro's favor on the issue of deceptive trade practices Case three: ANTIOCH COMPANY v. WESTERN TRIMMING CORPORATION Issue: The case illustration appeal above engages the question of whether, as a matter of law, the Antioch Company's scrapbook album configuration is fully functional and hence ineligible for trade dress protection. Applicable rule: generally What Antioch company depends mostly over , is that in order for them not to be restrained from trade dress protection for the overall incorporation and combination of functional features, the said features must be put in an arbitrary, fanciful, or distinctive way. Thus the court must rely on the articulation of the principles of trade dress protection to enable the company follow the same. Analysis: for the company to recover for trade dress infringement, then the company must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the infringing feature is thus not functional. Conclusion: thus the district court significantly and correctly concluded that Antioch's claimed trade dress was functional as a whole, and thus it was in line with the laws that protect competitive economy. Buy custom Hospitality Law essay

How to Ask Your Boss for a Raise

How to Ask Your Boss for a Raise You’re sitting at your desk, working hard as always, when your boss walks up, smiling. â€Å"Congratulations,† she beams. â€Å"I’ve decided to give you a 25 percent raise!† Wow, you think, as you mentally run through the list of people you want to thank: your agent, your deity, your long-suffering spouse. Suddenly you snap back to reality, and realize it didn’t actually happen. No one walked up and handed you one of those oversized prop checks, just for being you. (Darn it!) But part of your fantasy could come true- with a bit of research, a little work, and a lot of confidence. Asking for a raise is something you shouldn’t take lightly. In this economic climate and the chronic outbreak of corporate belt-tightening, it’s easier than ever for bosses and executives to shrug their shoulders and say â€Å"I would if I could, but†¦.† That means it’s on you to show how you’ve gone above and beyond, or how your prod uctivity has been an asset to the company in your time there. According to PayScale.com, 75% of people who ask for a raise get one. Be one of the 75%!Before you start the process, ask yourself a few questions about where things stand at work right now. Have your responsibilities changed recently? Are you taking more initiative than ever? [via PayScale]If you don’t feel like you’re quite at that point yet, that doesn’t mean you won’t be soon. Be more proactive at work, taking the lead on projects that involve other people, and start reaching beyond the limits of your job description. If you are ready to start advocating for that raise, then here are some steps you can follow.Step 1:  Do Your HomeworkStep 2:  Settle on a Goal AmountStep 3:  Pick Your TimingStep 4:  Ask for a Meeting With Your Boss.Step 5:  Gather All of Your InformationStep 6: AskStep 7: Have a Plan BStep 1: Do Your HomeworkThe best tool at your disposal here is information œinformation about you, information about your industry, information about what other people make doing the same things you do. The great thing about this is that we have so much of this info right at our fingertips these days. There are entire websites out there devoted to how much people make in different industries, and what they can expect to make over the course of a career. It would be nice to think that we’re all priceless professionals, who don’t have a dollar figure. Yet in this cynical world, we all have a (professional) worth†¦and it’s absolutely essential to know yours. Let’s look at a few of the sites that can help you find out.The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics: Sure, it looks like dry government data- and, well, it is. But it’s also a wealth of information about your industry: median salaries, career outlooks over the next ten years, and basic career requirements.PayScale.com: On the front page, it says in big letters, â€Å"What am I worth?† That’s a sign that you’re on the right track in your research. You can search by industry or job title, and download free reports that give you salary data about your field.Glassdoor.com: This site has industry and salary data too, but it also has company data- including anonymous reviews from people who’ve worked there. So you get hard data about what people similar to you are making, but it can also give you insight into how your own company works behind the scenes. And if the raise request process doesn’t work out, it has some great resources for a job hunt.Step 2: Settle on a Goal AmountOnce you have a ballpark figure in mind thanks to your extensive research online, it’s time to start refining that a bit. You should have a specific goal in mind for your salary negotiations. You may or may not reach that in the end, but you need a figure for your manager to work with. If you let the other person set the number, y ou risk low-balling yourself. And you really don’t want to find out later that your boss actually would have gone higher, but didn’t because you seemed satisfied with the lower amount. Moral of the story: you set the narrative here.Here are 3 tips to keep in mind as you figure out your amount.1. Be realistic.Remember your research, and stay within shouting distance of what people in your role make at other companies, or what people have historically made in your role at your own company. Unless you’re about to sign a major professional baseball contract, asking for crazy amounts of cash (and a shiny new BMW convertible) will get you laughed out of your negotiation meeting.2. Be specific.Remember, you’re setting the conversation here. If you throw out a specific number or percentage of the raise, you open up a dialogue with your manager.3. Be firm.Once you’ve settled on an amount (or at least a narrow range), commit to it. The last thing you want is to be winging it once you have your boss’s attention.Okay, so you’ve figured out what you’re asking for. Let’s move on to step 3.Step 3: Pick Your TimingIf your company just released a disastrous earnings report, then now might not be the best time to ask for a raise. If you or your boss is overwhelmed in the middle of a giant project, now might not be the best time to ask for a raise. You want to pick a time when the powers that be might be more receptive to giving you more cash. This is not to say that you can’t ask for a raise if things are shaky with the company. As with everything else, there may not be a â€Å"perfect† time where all the planets align for your request, and you shouldn’t put it off indefinitely. But if you’re conscious about what’s going on in general, you can find a time when people aren’t just going to dismiss your request right off because things are terrible. It’s a matter of shif ting your opportunity window. Also, knowing what’s going on can help you frame your request: â€Å"I know things are a little rough right now with our industry, but I’d like to talk about a merit-based raise.†With many companies, raises and bonuses are tied pretty closely to the annual review process. Again, there’s nothing stopping you from taking this outside of the regular channels, but if you align your ask with a time of year where your company might be more amenable to adjusting your pay, it could increase your chances.Step 4: Ask for a Meeting With Your BossNo carrier pigeon necessary: just an invite that blocks out time for you and your boss to talk about this without distractions. There’s no need for cloak-and-dagger secrecy. A simple â€Å"meeting to discuss salary† subject works fine.Step 5: Gather All of Your InformationRemember when you did all that research on salaries? Time to bring that back, and keep it in mind for the discu ssion with your boss. You should also:Update your resume. It’s probably changed since you started, and the manager in charge of your raise may not have ever read your resume in the first place. So it’s time to rebuild or refine your resume, tailored to the points you want to emphasize in your raise request (skills you’ve picked up, tasks you’ve taken on, accomplishments you’ve accumulated). Bring a copy to the meeting with your boss.Make a list of all of the talking points you want to hit in your discussion.Practice what you want to say. It can feel silly to talk to yourself in the bathroom mirror, but asking for a raise can be a stressful situation. And in stressful situations, we don’t always remember to say what we needed or wanted to say. So if you practice ahead of time, it’ll be easier to stick to your points when you’re asking your boss.Step 6: AskArmed with your accomplishments and your raise-worthy activities on the jo b, gather up your confidence and walk into the meeting with your manager. There are some do’s and don’ts as you take this step:Don’t be aggressive or defensive. Keep the tone civil and professional at all times.Don’t make it about you as a person- make it about you as an employee.Don’t try to make it about what you want/need. If you are having personal financial issues, or want to finance Mr. Fluffington’s cat botox regimen, none of that matters. Focus on your worthiness as a professional.Do take it seriously. Even if you’re buddies with your boss, you want to treat this with the utmost seriousness. This is your salary we’re talking about! You want your boss to take this request seriously, so you need to set that tone.Don’t be afraid to talk yourself up. It’s not bragging to list your accomplishments and explain why you deserve a raise. You should be a confident advocate for yourself.Step 7: Have a Plan BSometimes the answer will be â€Å"no,† or the amount will come in way under that you were hoping to get. If that’s the case, you have some follow-up decisions to make. If you feel like your company doesn’t value you, and now you have a dollar figure against that, it’s time to ask yourself if you’d like to stay, or try your luck elsewhere.If the answer is no and you have no interest in jumping ship, don’t take it personally. This is a business discussion with business reasons behind it. It’s not a rejection of you (even thought it can certainly feel that way). Before you even walk into the meeting with your boss, know what your plan is for each potential outcome. Don’t lose heart- you can try this again in the future. Ideally, your boss explained why the answer was a no. And keep this open as a dialogue: you can ask whether there’s anything you can do to set yourself up for a better raise on the next go-round.The most important t hing with asking for a raise is that you go into it with every possible reason and justification at your disposal. The raise request is a not-so-distant cousin to the new job salary negotiation, in that you don’t get what you don’t ask for and you don’t want to have any regrets later on. Good luck seizing your opportunity!

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) Essay

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) - Essay Example Sherwood (1997) tells us that environments are still somewhat restricted and that practice varies from state to state which causes some difficulty in efficient use of the NP where needed. The University of Texas Health Science Center defines Advanced Practice Nursing as "as a registered professional nurse who is prepared for advanced practice by virtue of knowledge and skills obtained through a post-basic or advanced education program of study acceptable to the State Board of Nurse Examiners"(Sherwood, et. al., 1997 pg3). The FNP is qualified to be the first person seen on entry to the healthcare system. This is usually client oriented and comprehensive, allowing for a continuum of care based on the collaborative practice studied and provided by the FNP. The focus of the practice is wellness and maintenance which allows the client to see the same practitioner longer before having need to be referred out to a specialist. Alternatively, Bennett defines a FNP as a healthcare professional who works directly with families and physicians to provide the best level of care. FNP's differ from physicians in that they practice in many settings. They possess advanced Masters level nursing degrees which has provided them with special training and experience to assess, treat, counsel, and monitor patients. They perform a collaborative practice in which they work with healthcare professionals as a team. They are able to order testing, refer patients and treat non-life threatening conditions (Bennett, 2004). The Texas Board of Practice on this same thought states that the APN acts independently and/or in collaboration with other health care professionals to deliver health care services (Texas Board of Practice, Section 221). They accordingly accomplish comprehensive health assessments with the goal of managing common acute illnesses, appropriate referral, managing chronic conditions that have remained stable. In t his description there are included; Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Certified Nurse Midwives and Certified Nurse Anesthetists. The role originated in the University of Colorado in 1965. In 1974 the American Nurses Association published educational guidelines for credentialing of a NP. Since then, there have been many changes in the program and of course since there are so many types of programs available, there are concerns as to the quality and effectiveness of those programs. That curriculum includes advanced physiology, pharmacology, and clinical practice emphasizing a particular role. Texas strengthened even more of the program in the sense that they increased content for path physiology, pharmaco-therapeutics, practice roles, and preceptorship (Bennett, 2004). In most cases, registered nurses are required to obtain a Masters degree in nursing and have at least one year of RN experience before they are allowed to enter a Nurse Practitioner program, however, that is not always true. Nurse Practitioners can come from a variety of backgrounds. There are programs that admit students into graduate study without prior experience as a nurse. When that happens they must have a Baccalaureate in a field other than nursing and are required to complete an accelerated program which incorporates a Bachelors in nursing going straight into a Masters level NP program (Rich, Jorden, &

The growth of Indian casinos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The growth of Indian casinos - Essay Example â€Å"In California, perhaps more than in any other state, Indians have endured uninterrupted exploitation, brutality, and sorrow†. Despite the general conquest all Native Americans had suffered in the past centuries, Californian Indians also were forced to experience whites’ cruelty and greed in times of Golden Rush. Than because of the gold (on which California Indians had never set much value, for example, in comparison with the nature) they were forced to give up native lands. With the time, tribes and smaller California Indians bands position did not take a turn for the better. â€Å"California basically ignored its Indians, right through the 1970s. [†¦] Tribal problems were never discussed†. – Lieutenant Governor McCarthy, a leading opponent of Indian gambling says. How then California Indians could be fully blamed for trying to survive in the only way they were left?Someone may say that an illegal way is not an answer under any circumstances, h owever hard our life can be. That’s true, but developing their gambling business California Indians were actually trying to run casinos in the legal way. For example, in 1990s, â€Å"the tribes said they wanted to sign a compact, but then – Governor Pete Wilson who had no great love of gambling or Indians – refused to negotiate†. Government itself had pushed them on illegal way. And now tribes are blamed for using their authority and financial resources for purpose of becoming a state governmental power.

The Pure Essence of the Individual Essay Example for Free

The Pure Essence of the Individual Essay Many stereotypes exist within the social context of today’s world that stem from old and new preconceived notions of the unfamiliar. For example, some stereotypes stress generalizations that pertain to the aspects of different cultures such as religion, behavior, and even down to the type of cuisine. These misconceptions generalize an entire group of people based off of one characteristic, not taking into account the individuality of each person. Stereotypes produced by the social world at times can lead to ignorance as well as bring light to how wrong the misconceptions are compared to the truth. Surrounded in the confusion, people than develop tainted perspectives about other cultures and even their own, often leading to struggles in self as well as cultural identity. In Amy Tan’s short story, A Pair of Tickets, the main character Jing-Mei struggles with her cultural and self-identity but ultimately learns to rethink her misconceptions leading to her understanding of what it truly means to be Chinese. In the first section of the story Tan introduces the main character Jing-Mei, accompanied by her elderly father Canning Woo on a train to Guangzhou in China where they will visit with some family that Canning has not seen since childhood. Throughout the train ride and even after the two arrived to Guangzhou and met the family, Jing-Mei possessed many stereotypical viewpoints about China and the Chinese culture. En route to Guangzhou, Jing-Mei reminisced about her mother, Suyuan who passed away three months ago, and how she would always remind her Chinese roots saying that someday the Chinese in her will finally be let out because when Jing-Mei was fifteen she would always deny that she had any Chinese in her. During these conversations, she said she felt herself transforming like a werewolf. In a way Jing-Mei felt that she would finally come to terms with her Chinese roots only by force. Tan informs the reader that aside from herself, even Jing-Mei’s Caucasian friends remarked that, â€Å"She was as Chinese as they were†, making it clear of Jing-Mei’s unawareness of and distance from her own culture. She also obtained her stereotypical point of view on the way Chinese people behave from her mother’s occasional display of personal quirks, such as haggling with store owners, picking her teeth in public and the choosing out of season colors to wear during the winter time. Along with comparing to the grotesque transformation from a human into a werewolf, she pictured herself starting to act in such a way describing it as a â€Å"syndrome† (189). Jing-Mei’s perceptions on Chinese culture get proven wrong once her and her father arrive in Guangzhou. When she disembarked the train she felt the need to remind herself that she was in China. The atmosphere to her felt like that in San Francisco; the pushing and rushing crowds within the station and the crowded lines of people waiting to go through customs (192). Once Jing-Mei and Canning Woo united with the family and arrived at the hotel, Jing-Mei grew even more shocked at the way the hotel looked referring to it as a â€Å"grandeur version of the Hyatt Regency† and once again she asked herself this was the communist China (194). The magnificent, modern and fancy atmosphere of the hotel surprised Jing-Mei because she expected to arrive to an area of lesser quality especially since she requested to the traveler agent to lodge somewhere that would only cost them forty dollars a night. She then became worried about the expense as well as being judged as a typical spoiled American not able to go one night without luxury. When dinner time rolled around, Jing-Mei expected to finally try her first authentic Chinese feast but to her surprise, her relatives chose to eat hamburgers, French fries and apple pie, a stereotypical American dinner (195). As time passed during her visit in China, Jing-Mei began to grow more interested with her family roots. One night she overheard Canning Woo and her aunt, Aiyi, having a conversation about her mother, Suyuan, and her search to find her twin daughters from her previous marriage. Engaging herself in the conversation Jing-Mei learned more about her mother’s suffering and sacrifice during the Japanese occupation in China in 1949. She was curious as to what the names of her two half-sisters were and meant as well as her mother’s name, and eventually Jing-Mei questioned her father about the meaning of her own name; learn ing the special meaning behind the names her mother gave her and her twin sisters and her beautiful poetical nature (199-200). After Canning Woo told his daughter the intimate story of Suyuan’s hardship and sacrifice in giving up her two twin daughters during the occupation, Jing-Mei grew anxious in meeting her two sisters once she and Canning Woo departed Guangzhou for Shanghai. She dreaded the arrival feeling that her sisters would somehow blame her for Suyuan’s death in that she did not appreciate her mother. When Jing-Mei finally met her sisters for the first time a beautiful moment occurred as she saw two faces that resembled her mother waving and greeting her that arrived and faded. With great joy the sisters united and held each other capturing the moment with a Polaroid camera. Once the picture came transformed the plane gray surface before their eyes, the girls saw that each of them looked like Suyuan and realized that her dream of being with her daughters had finally come true (201).The three sisters embodied their own individuality as well as their mother. In her trip to China, Jing-Mei discovered what her mother meant about experiencing what it meant to be Chinese through their family history and also gained a sense of self identity. She grew to understand the importance of her family in correlation with their culture; that the resilience and strength that ran through the veins of her relatives now run through hers discovering her heritage. Jing-Mei’s journey from America to China resembled her own personal journey in finding herself as well as understanding her roots. By learning from her family past, she was able to discover her true self and understand her own culture as well. In the beginning of the story Jing-Mei’s perceptions of being Chinese clouded her ability to understand her heritage as well as herself as an individual. She denied her Chinese roots since her teenage years and never understood what her mother meant in that someday the Chinese in her blood will be set free. In choosing to leave her comfort zone in San Francisco, Jing-Mei began her journey in discovering that her preconceived notions of her own culture were different than reality, causing her to dive deeper into her own past so that she could find and understanding of where she came from. By the end of the story the trip had caused Jin-Mei to see her heritage as well as the view of herself differently. Like Jing-Mei, many people become accustomed to stereotypes because they help explain that which we cannot clearly understand. Such stereotypes can cause misapprehension towards others but more importantly towards us. By choosing to leave the comfort of invalid certainty, Jin-Mei found that her heritage meant more than eating authentic Chinese meals and arguing with storeowners. In finding the truth about her culture, she found the importance of herself as an individual. By stripping away the generalizations and false notions that stereotypes engrain in our perspective, we then can then distinguish the pure essence of what it truly means to be an individual.

To Pursue Dreams :: Graduate Admissions Essays

To Pursue Dreams I was born and raised in a rural community in the Appalachian Mountains. Most of the local people work at farms, factories, or mills. Education is not deemed terribly important, since even a high school education is of little practical value. My mom dropped out of high school because she was pregnant, and has been a factory seamstress for fifty years. My father dropped out after 8th grade because his own father ran out on his family, leaving him to have to work. He has been a welder in a steel mill my whole life. They expected that my scholastic career would be roughly similar to theirs. My own goals, however, were much higher: I wanted to go to college -- and not just any college. I wanted to go to a really good one. I thought that a higher education was my ticket to a better life than my parents had, and so I focused on college with a driven passion. My "dream" schools included the University of Pennsylvania, Northwestern, Dartmouth, and Brown. I made lists and charts, and papered the walls of my room with pictures and statistics of these four institutions. The evening I received my SAT score (1300), my parents came home from work and I ran out to tell them that I might be able to get into one of my top choices for college. Though my head was in the clouds, my parents had their feet very firmly planted on the ground. They asked me if I knew what kind of kids went to "those" schools. Hesitating, I said, "...not really." My mother explained how the kids who went to "those" schools were wealthy and well-educated, with lots of "connections" that would help them get into college. She told me that I was neither rich nor terribly smart, and thus should consider schools that were "more my speed". I got applications for UNC-Chapel Hill, Wake Forest, and UNC-Asheville the next day. My father looked only at the UNC-Asheville booklet and said that it looked nice. My mother agreed, saying that I had finally chosen one school that I possibly could attend "in reality." My mother wouldn't even read the application booklet for Penn. My father snorted angrily if I so much as mentioned Northwestern. I was crushed. I began to wonder if my dream schools were just that: a fanciful dream.

Patient Teaching Essay

Introduction: I have chosen breastfeeding as my teaching topic for this assignment. The specific clientà ¨le will be the new mother at between 2 and 7 days postpartum, newly discharged from hospital. As a community health nurse working with children and young families, I do initial postpartum visits at home. Breastfeeding is a very complex skill, natural, yet sometimes difficult to do. The client is often overwhelmed with information received in hospital, so sessions must be kept short, and made easy to understand. The area in which I work is multicultural. There is often a language barrier which further complicates teaching and learning. Finding a teachable moment is easy (London, p. 95). New mothers are eager for help in providing the best for their babies. Mothers whose babies refuse to latch onto the breast or who have an incorrect latch, may sometimes become very tense and stressed. It is important to remain calm and supportive during teaching. The client must be educated, not simply taught new skills (Rankin, p. 73). The newly acquired information will allow her to make her own decisions and to be the head of her own health care team. Assessment: I have been working with postpartum women for the past 6 years, and have 3 children of my own. I am able to use my own personal experiences with breastfeeding, my last having stopped only 2 years ago. I work well with my co-workers, I know that I cannot do it alone (London, p.51). We help each other every step of the way and have a good back-up system available in the community. These include lactation consultants, breastfeeding clinics, doctors, social workers and community agencies. The learner and her family are at the head of the team (London, p.47). They are usually very motivated to learn and ultimately want what is best for the baby. It is easier to form relationships with the client at home (London, p. 63). The environment is non-threatening to the learner and teacher. I can also learn a lot about the client by observing the home. I have had many clients tell me they were breastfeeding exclusively who had half empty bottles of formula on the kitchen counter. The assessment process begins on the telephone before the visit. All new mothers are contacted when they arrive home. All are offered a home visit, some refuse. By help of a detailed questionnaire, we know the problems to focus on before the visit. This is very helpful as we can be better prepared with the necessary tools. Many patients are â€Å"red flag† patients (Rankin, p. 160). Some speak very little English, have financial problems, are on welfare, or are single mothers. Culture and religion can influence teaching (London, p.296). It is impossible to generalize about one culture, so we must be careful to dig deeper when presented with a situation which may be affected by one’s background. The area I work in is multicultural. The women speak many languages and I often need to have a family member translate the teaching. This is sometimes quite challenging as I am not always sure that what is being translated is actually what I am saying! I try not to let my own beliefs get in the way of my patient care. I may not always agree with the decisions of others but always stay focused on the desired outcome. Some clients would prefer to breastfeed and others would prefer to bottle feed but are being influenced by family members. Support from family members generally improves the outcome (Stalling, p.163). The client will have an easier time adjusting to breastfeeding and will breastfeed for a longer period of time with family support. We need to make adjustments in our teaching based on each individuals views. (London, p. 303). We should never make assumptions about anything. Self-efficacy is a very important factor in learning to breastfeed. The learner who thinks she can do it, will be more successful. My department organizes a group that meets at the community center once a week. New mothers have a chance to meet each other and learn about breastfeeding. Using these role-models sometimes helps a woman with low self-efficacy learn to breastfeed (London, p.311). When I walk into a home, I can often tell within the first 10 minutes whether I will have to make a follow-up visit. At a typical visit I assess the baby and mother, help with breastfeeding if necessary and provide the mother with helpful information she will need in the first few months of the baby’s life. A typical visit lasts 1-2 hours. I usually provide printed material on the common breastfeeding problems to my clients. On the website WWW.Medela.com, there is very helpful information on breastfeeding in several languages. I use this site often to print out information on latching, sore nipples and engorgement. The information on the site is generally well written and edited. The vocabulary is easy enough to understand by most women. It is grammatically correct. There are no difficult or very technical terms. The subject in this paper is a mother of two who did not breastfeed her first child. She speaks English and works as a clerk in a drugstore. She has a university degree, so can easily understand information at the 12th grade level. Planning: The general goal of this teaching is for the client to be able to breastfeed in the proper manner and to understand the benefits of breastfeeding in order to prolong breastfeeding for as long as possible. The following are the specific objectives for this clientà ¨le. At the end of the session: The client will state at least 5 benefits of breastfeeding vs bottle feeding. The client will demonstrate 3 different breastfeeding positions one time each. The client will describe the treatments for engorgement and sore nipples. The client will list 3 resources for further information after the visit. The client will recognize and state 3 factors which indicate the baby is receiving sufficient milk from breastfeeding. Teaching tools used will be demonstration, discussion, and hand-outs. It is important to prioritize learning needs. There are some facts which are very interesting but which are not necessary for the client to know. (Rankin, p. 191 and 197). The breastfeeding mother does not need to know the physiology of the breast, but she does need to understand the relationship between frequent feedings and increased milk production. Content outline: Discussion of the benefits of breastfeeding. Discussion of the factors indicating that the baby is receiving sufficient milk. Observation of the client breastfeeding using 3 different positions. Demonstration of proper breastfeeding technique for each position as needed. Discussion of breast engorgement and sore nipples and their management. Discussion of resources for further information about breastfeeding and the assess the need for a follow-up visit. * The teaching is mostly done by discussion and demonstration. This is a good way to get continuous feedback from the client. It is also a good way to ensure that all the important material is not forgotten. Practice makes perfect. Adult learners need to be involved in the teaching (Rankin, p. 196) and want to apply what they learn right away. This is especially important with breastfeeding, as the new mother must be able to master it within a very short time. It is not always necessary to cover all the information with each client. Some are too overwhelmed with information already; others may already have the knowledge base and simply need help with latching. Implementation: I generally start teaching about breastfeeding immediately after having evaluated the client. I begin by discussion of the benefits of breastfeeding and the factors which indicate that the baby is receiving enough milk. Many women do not believe that they have enough milk and worry about the need to offer a supplement. It is important to explain this to them. If they do offer a supplement, their own milk supply may be reduced. Then, I assist the client at putting the baby to the breast using different positions as needed. I sometimes use a dummy breast to show the client the correct angle to use while feeding to ensure a proper latch. Visual aids sometimes help to make it seem more real. When that has been mastered, I continue with a discussion of the two most common problems found in the first weeks of breastfeeding, sore nipples and engorgement. I provide the client with written material on proper latching technique, sore nipple management and engorgement. Since these problems sometimes occur after a few days or weeks, it is helpful for the client to have this information in writing. I also provide an information sheet on the resources the client can use if she should need further help after the visit. I generally make a follow-up call one to three days after the visit and a follow-up visit as necessary. I sometimes refer the clients to the company Medela’s website, www.medela.com. This site provides helpful information on breastfeeding and the common associated problems. The computer is only a tool, however. It provides information, not education (London, p. 246). I remain available to my clients by telephone or by email at all times. Recording transcribed: (T=teacher, L=client) T: Did you breastfeed with your first child? L: No. I tried for about 3 days but gave up due to the pain. T: Did you receive any help? L: No. But it was less important to me then. I was ok with bottle feeding. T: Do you want to breastfeed Joshua? L: Yes. I will be taking a year off of work and would like to breastfeed him as long as possible. Many of my friends have had babies in the past years and all are breastfeeding. They make it look so easy. I decided to try harder this time. T: Joshua is 3 days old. How have you been feeding him? L: I tried to put him at the breast right after birth but he was too sleepy, and so was I. The first day he had a few bottles. Yesterday, I tried for the first time. I think it went ok but my nipples are very sore. I would like to learn how to breastfeed properly. T: Well, we can discuss a few things now and I can show you the proper technique for a few different positions when he wakes up. L: OK T: First of all, why do you want to breastfeed? L: Everyone is telling me that it is the best thing for my baby. T: They are right, but what do you think? L: I want to do what’s best for Joshua. T: Breast milk is definitely the best for babies. One of the best things about breastfeeding is that the milk is always ready. You don’t have any bottles to warm up or prepare, especially at 2:00 in the morning when you’re exhausted. Because it is available right away, you don’t have to make the baby wait. This will make it easier to calm him before he gets too agitated. It is also a great time to bond with the baby and will make Joshua feel more secure. Breast milk is the best thing for your baby. Do you know what colostrum is? L: Yes. I have been reading up on breastfeeding since I found out I was pregnant again. It is the yellow liquid that comes out before the milk comes in. I know that it helps to prevent jaundice. T: Yes that is true. It acts as a mild laxative to encourage the baby to pass his first stools of meconium. It can also help to prevent ear infections and allergies. It is very rich in nutrients and allergies. Did Julia have jaundice? L: No, she didn’t. T: Do you know of other benefits of breastfeeding? L: I know that breast milk is the perfect formula for babies with the exact right nutrients that they need. It keeps babies from becoming overweight. I also know that it can help me lose the baby fat that much quicker. T: That’s true. It can also save you money. The average cost of formula for 1year is about $1800, and that doesn’t include the bottles and other supplies. Breastfeeding requires you to eat about an extra 500 calories per day. This should cost, by comparison about $300 for the year. L: With all the expenses of a new baby, we can use that money for many other things. T: That’s for sure. L: Can breastfeeding keep me from getting pregnant again? T: No. It is not a sure form of contraception. Although it is relatively effective in the first 6 months if you breastfeed exclusively. Some women ovulate as early as 6 weeks postpartum even when breastfeeding. L: Good to know. T: Do you know how to tell if the baby is receiving enough milk? L: He will gain weight. T: Yes. That’s a very good sign in the long run. There are other things as well. He should have at least 3 urines today since he is 3 days old. Then, you should see one more each day until the sixth day. That means that on the 4th day, he should have at least 4, on the 5th day at least 5 and from the 6th day onwards, at least 6 per day. How many has he had today. L: So far he had 1 at 2:00 and another at 7:00. I don’t think that’s a problem. T: Good. We would also expect to see a few stools everyday. They should gradually change from the black meconium stools, to brown and then to yellow. Many breastfed babies have a stool with every feed, but some have only 1 or 2 per day. Both are normal. L: He has one almost every time he feeds. T: That’s great. He should also be satisfied between feeds. That means he would feed every 1 to 3 hours in the first few weeks and have some period in between when he sleeps or remains calm. You told me that he feeds about every 2.5 hours and usually sleeps in between, so it sounds like he is right on target. A baby who is too sleepy and needs to be woken up for feedings may also not be getting enough. Do you have any questions so far? L: No. I’m glad he’s getting enough milk and can’t wait to see if he’s gained weight. T: You mentioned that your nipples are very sore. Have you done anything for the pain? L: I am taking Advil and I was given some Lanolin ointment at the hospital. Do I need to wash it off before I feed the baby? T: No, it is harmless for the baby. The best way to avoid sore nipples is correct positioning at the breast. If you have sore nipples already, I will show you how to have Joshua latch on properly. Meanwhile, for the soreness, you should apply a small amount of your own breast milk on the nipples after each feeding. Then let it air dry as much as possible. After that, you can apply a bit of lanolin. Sometimes it helps to use different feeding positions during the day. L: The nurse at the hospital told me to let my breasts air dry, but that is not easy in the hospital. How often can I use the lanolin? T: You can use it 2-3 times per day. L: Ok. I will try that. T: Your milk has not come it yet, but should come in in the next few days. It usually comes in by the 3rd to 5th day. It is important to feed regularly to encourage your milk production and also to prevent engorgement. Do you know what engorgement is? L: Yes. I was very engorged about a week after Julia was born. T: Engorgement can be very painful and can make it impossible for the baby to latch on properly. (baby wakes up. L gets the baby) L: What should I do if I get engorged? T: Engorgement usually lasts only a few days. Some women just produce more milk than others. If you get engorged, it is important to continue feeding often. You can apply warm compresses and massage your breasts. If it is more severe, you may need to express a bit of milk for relief, which you can do manually or you may need to use a pump. A well-fitted supportive bra may help. L: I have bought a good bra, but haven’t worn it yet. I will send my husband out to buy a pump today. What kind do you recommend? T: It depends on how often you would like to use it. If you are planning to breastfeed all the time, then a manual pump may be enough. There are however, some inexpensive electrical pumps which you can buy for under $40. These may be easier and quicker to use. You can use them to relieve engorgement and to pump if you go out from time to time. L: My friend uses a Safety First pump which is electric. She bought it at Walmart for about $35 and says it works well. T: That’s probably a good choice for you too. Do you have access to the internet? L: Yes T: If you check out the site www.medela.com, you can find information about choosing a pump. If you pump to relieve engorgement, you should only pump for a few minutes. If you pump too much milk, you will only encourage more milk production. L: Thank you, I’ll check the site. Would you like to see how I feed him now? T: Sure. (L puts baby to the breast using cross cradle positioning. The baby does not take enough of the areola so L has pain.) T: He is not on properly. To release the suction, place your finger gently between his gums, like this. In order to get him to latch on well, you first need to make sure that you are comfortable since you will be breastfeeding so often. Use pillows to get yourself comfortable. Take your time and relax before you start. When you are ready, make sure the baby’s nose is facing the nipple. His head should be aligned with his body. Gently stroke his upper lip with your nipple. When he opens his mouth, pull him quickly towards you, so that he can take as much of the areola as possible. L: How do I know if he is taking enough? T: The most important cue is that you will have no pain. Generally the baby’s chin is touching the bottom of the breast, and there is a small space between his nose and your breast. Hold your baby close to you and support his head. There is no normal or standard way to breastfeed. If the baby is feeding well and you have no pain, it is working well. L: I don’t feel any pain now. T: Can you hear him swallow? L: Yes. T: Excellent. Then you are doing it very well. Notice how his body is aligned with his head, he is most comfortable that way. Look at his chin and his nose. See how they are positioned. You can see that he has opened his mouth very wide and is taking enough of the breast. Would you like me to show you how to hold him in some other positions? L: Yes. I would like to learn how to lie down to feed. It would be so much easier at night. T: That’s true. When you’re very tired, it’s a lot easier. The basics are the same. You want to ensure that the baby is facing you and that his body is aligned with his head. Make yourself comfortable. Use a pillow behind your back or between your knees if you need one. (L Demonstrates the technique.) T: That is very good. Are you comfortable? L: Yes, very. And no pain! T: Breastfeeding is not always as easy as some people make it seem. It takes practice. The beginning is a learning process for you and for the baby. Let me show you one more position that you may like to use. This is the football hold. It is easier to use when the baby is small like Joshua; but is sometimes more difficult later on. Hold him so that his legs and body are under your arm, like this. Then place your hand under his head and neck. If you’ve ever played football, that’s how a football is held. L: I don’t like that one. It is much easier the other way. T: Not everybody likes that position. You have to do what’s best for you and for your baby so use the position that’s most comfortable. (Baby weighed – lost 8.5% of birth weight) T: He lost a bit more weight. But that’s normal. Most breastfed babies lose 10% or more of their birth weight in the first few days. They usually regain their birth weight within 10 days. Do you remember how to tell if he is drinking enough? L: Yes. He should have at least 6 wet diapers every day after the 6th day and a couple of stools. He should also wake up alone to feed and sleep well between feedings. And of course, he should gain weight. T: Exactly. T: I will be returning to weigh Joshua again Wednesday (in 48 hrs). I will continue to follow him until he starts to gain some weight. If you need help before then, you can call the CLSC (community clinic) at the number I gave you earlier. As I told you earlier, there is a breastfeeding clinic every Thursday morning as well. At the clinics, there are nurses available to weight the baby and to help you more with breastfeeding. Here is some information on breastfeeding that we discussed today (pamphlets on latching, sore nipples and engorgement given). If you have any questions about them, let me know. Evaluation of learner: I always do a telephone follow-up within 1-3 days. This is very effective as the client will have had some time to process all the information (London, p.62). If necessary, a repeat visit will also be planned. Unfortunately I cannot always have the client do three separate demonstrations (London, p. 386) due to budget and time constraints. Discussion worked best with the subject in this paper. She was educated and was eager to learn proper techniques. She had self-efficacy, skills and knowledge – all important factors if changing behaviors (Rankin, p 292). She was alert and very interested in learning. She participated in the discussion. She was able to apply the information immediately during my visit. At the follow-up visit 2 days later, the client was doing very well. She was able to breastfeed without any pain or difficulty. We discussed engorgement again, a problem which had developed since my first visit. She explained what she had done to relieve the engorgement, which was how I had explained it to her. The â€Å"what if† scenario had worked .(London p.386) Evaluation of teacher: I could have done more assessment of the learner while I was teaching. I find myself being drawn into a routine with my teaching that is sometimes hard to get out of. Most of the teaching is very repetitive from one client to the next, however, each client learns in her own fashion. I try to keep the client interested in what I have to say. I encourage her and give her positive feedback. Sometimes I forget the goals of the session and get off track, or provide the client with unnecessary information. I find that using a checklist helps me to stay on the right track and to not omit anything important. Evaluation of resources: The handouts I usually give out to my clients on latching, engorgement and sore nipples, all score over 70% by the SAM test (Rankin, p.238), thus making them good resources. I provide this information to my clients to use as the situations arise. Although I explain the handouts to all my clients, not all women get engorged; for those that do, it usually happens after my visit. Having the handouts at home allows them to refer to the information as a reference when they need it most. Conclusion: The teaching session went very well. The client was intelligent, educated and eager to learn. Overall this teaching technique used for teaching breastfeeding works well with most of the clientà ¨le I see at home. Every person is unique and adjustments always need to be made accordingly. Bibliography: Forrest, S. (2004). Learning and teaching: The reciprocal link. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 35(2), 74-79. London, F. (1999). No time to teach? A nurse’s guide to patient and family education. New York: Lippincott. Medela (2007) Your Resource for breastfeeding products and information. [on-line]. Available: http://www.medela.com. Rankin, S.H., Stallings, K.D., & London, F. (2005). Patient education in health and illness (5th ed.). New York: Lippincott.

Transformative learning is a process of examining

The hope for a higher pay and better life style can stand for one of the factors act uponing grownups to prosecute a post-secondary instruction. Surveies have indicated a correlativity between higher degrees of instruction and success in the work force. Success can intend many things, but a common manner to mensurate success is through income. A College Board publication ( 2005 ) shows the typical twelvemonth unit of ammunition working employee keeping a Bachelor ‘s grade earns 62 % more than the typical twelvemonth unit of ammunition working employee who holds merely a high school sheepskin. Surveies indicate the higher the instruction, the person is better prepared and successful in the work force ( College Board, 2005 ) . In the yesteryear, grownups desiring to prosecute a higher instruction had to get the better of different barriers or give up the chase. Technology has enabled persons to prosecute their instruction extinguishing the demand to run into agendas of the establishment. While engineering has enabled grownups to happen a manner to prosecute a higher instruction, some possible barriers may be such as other duties, household committednesss, fundss, and low assurance. The challenge for organisations, module, and advisers requires the ability to acknowledge and find challenges and issues impacting the pupils. Adult pupils are cognizant of his or her demand to cognize, others are unable to separate between preferable and required. Students exposing a deficiency of assurance or respect issues can be the consequence of antecedently negative experiences. These grownups may hold the desire to obtain a higher instruction but require universities and advisers to supply appropriate construction, methodological analysis, and communications to help the grownups to transform into the acquisition environment. Determining the construct or theory advancing a positive acquisition experience for pupils depends on assorted factors. Learning theories are constructs depicting the grownup larning procedure this includes the processing information. Some of the theories discuss alterations in behaviour and attitude along with manage new information. Some of the acquisition theories come from two different subjects. The subjects of psychological science and grownup instruction have been responsible for theories such as transformational theory. Transformative Learning Theory Mezirow ‘s Transformative Theory discusses the procedure in which pupils learn and apply life experiences to the cognition. The transmutation theory has two different attacks to acquisition: 1. Instrumental larning i Controlling and pull stringsing the acquisition environment 2. Communicative larning i Understanding what another single communicates to another person Transformation theory has similarities with other theories such as experiential acquisition and andragogy. The cardinal elements of Mezirow ‘ theory included: 1. Analysis i Identify the job Mezirow stated grownups learn through contemplation and reading of new experiences. 2. Interpretation i Determine the credibleness Critics believed this theory as it was excessively shockable on the person and non the other factors, which dictate on whether or non transmutation could be possible ( Merriam, 2004 ) . The theory eludes variables such as larning contexts, pupils, and pedagogues. 3. Self-regulation i Comprehension and Maintain Open Mind Mezirowis theory uses the â€Å" disorientating quandary † to reflect and readings of new experience. 4. Inference i Merriam argued the alteration in the grownup larning processed resulted from a degree of development and cognitive development ( Merriam, 2004 ) 5. Explanation i Establish the dependability of readings 6. Evaluation i Supplying a important or boarder image of the situation/problem Reviewing the grownup larning procedure and the relationship to adult behavioural public presentation and alteration is a critical subject for both bookmans and practicians. Mezirowistated pupils go through a province of contemplation for job resolution. The contemplation involves the review of premises acquired through cultural assimilation in childhood ( Mezirow, 1991 ) . Mezirow recognizes three types of contemplation in the transmutation procedure: 1. Contented Contemplation: Persons reflect on job by the capable affair or account. 2. Procedure Contemplation: Involves schemes to work out the job instead than the content of the job. 3. Premise Contemplation: Questions the significance of the job by the followers: a. Theory b. Point of views c. Principles The development of transmutation occurs when the contemplation leads to awareness in a antecedently held misconception or position, reevaluate, and revised the point of views ( Cranton, 1994 ) . Reappraisal of Literature Cranton ( 2006 ) defined the transformative acquisition theory as, â€Å" a procedure of going aware of one ‘s premises and revising these premises † ( p. 730 ) . Cranton ( 2006 ) explains teachers can hold preconceived premises steering instruction patterns. Cranton ( 2006 ) described big pupils â€Å" as transformative scholars, they question their positions, open up new ways of looking at their pattern, revise their positions, and act based on new positions † ( p. 14 ) . Mezirow ( 1997 ) cautiousnesss adult pupils â€Å" need pattern in acknowledging frames of mention and utilizing their imaginativenesss to redefine jobs from a different position † ( p. 10 ) . Laffey, Lin, & A ; Lin ( 2006 ) list several foundational elements to successful learning environment including actuating the pupils. Motivation will help development of other foundational elements such as honestness, reactivity, and regard ( Laffey, Lin, & A ; Lin, 2006 ) . Achieving success in the acquisition environment requires set uping a foundation of on each component. Students need motive, a ground to alter. If they see nil incorrect with the position quo, they will be less receptive to the thought of alteration and possibly fearful of what is to come. If the pupils challenge antecedently held beliefs by spread outing their cognition base with new information, this is the transmutation to going a critical mind ( Brookfield, 2005 ) . Tucker ( 2005 ) stated ratings conducted on possible pupils and pupils with particular demands to find their demands in chase of a higher instruction advancing academic success. Wadsworth, iHusman, iDuggan, iPenningtoni ( 2007 ) survey evaluated the demands of the pupils whether to the pupil ‘s advantage or disadvantage. The research workers indicated finding the demands of the pupils can be distinguish ( Wadsworth, 2007 ) . Duarte and Snyder ( 2001 ) survey experienced the similar success and failure when trying to set up the demands of the pupils. The findings reflect pupil demands require communicating, coaction, and understanding demand in a positive acquisition environment. The deficiency of interaction can hold negative impacts within the larning environment such as the loss of pupil involvement and motive. Learning and learning manners need to develop and keep motive and communicating within the acquisition environment. Adult pupils get certain positions from instruction and life experiences to find if an teacher is accessible. Mezirow describes this point of view as constructions of premises, associating to experiences. The old experiences serve as a acquisition component pupils will use to future experiences or scenarios ( Mezirow, 1994 ) . Alan Roper emphasized the importance preparation needed for teachers to place and help the pupils and his or her demands to be successful. Bulger and Watson ( 2006 ) supported Roperis research ( 2006 ) bespeaking the demand for developing to back up pupil issues. Connection between preparation and alterations may help in minimising and extinguishing challenges or issues found within the acquisition environment. Some pupils resist larning if the information contradicts personal beliefs, biass, and premises ( Mezirow, 1994 ) . The teacher ‘s challenge is advancing a proactive attack guiding and actuating pupils to new information. Motivation is endeavor for teachers to dispute and promote pupils in a acquisition environment. Different methods of motive required for each pupil because of the alone personalities. The aid of a qualified teacher may advance pupil academic success. Ineffective pattern of the teacher can endanger the acquisition environment and advance a negative acquisition experience for the grownup pupils. The teacher establishes the phase for transformative acquisition by functioning as a function theoretical account. The teacher demonstrates a willingness to larn and alter by spread outing and intensifying understanding and positions of course of study and acquisition manners ( Cranton, 1994 ) . Application The influence of diverse civilizations in America has meant an escalation of diverseness at establishments. Transforming the acquisition environment requires a diversified mentality. The pull offing diverseness mentality maps as an internal regulator that keeps beliefs and actions consistent ( Loden, 1996 ) . Promoting a positive acquisition environment requires a diverseness mentality doing the ethical committedness needed to do the appropriate picks and take appropriate actions for the right grounds ( Loden, 1996 ) . This mentality is an attitudinal province achieved through womb-to-tomb acquisition, personal investing, and uninterrupted self-reformation ( Loden, 2006 ) . A pull offing diverseness mentality can non be mimicked, but instruction each person ( Loden, 1996 ) . Loden ( 1996 ) points out four basic beliefs that form the foundation for this mentality: 1. Valuing diverseness requires long-run civilization alteration 2. Valuing diverseness is good for organisations and pupils. 3. Valuing diverseness realisation must be comprehensive, non limited. 4. Valuing diverseness benefits all and sundry ( p. 64 ) Understanding these beliefs is cardinal in deriving a diverseness mentality. Pull offing diverseness in the acquisition environment challenges the attitudes and premises ( Loden, 1996 ) . Diverseness can be a beginning of uncomfortableness for many persons when introduced. Diversity is non merely the duty of the teacher to encompass and implement, diverseness is the duty all stakeholders ( Thomas & A ; Woodruff, 1999 ) . If diverseness is to boom within the acquisition environment, all stakeholders must encompass diverseness exceed down ( Thomas & A ; Woodruff, 1999 ) . Components of the alteration agent require lucidity of motive, constructs, consistence, stressing instruction, and pupil engagement. A cultural apprehension becomes particularly of import in times of transformational enterprises ( Brock, 2010 ) . Percepts of leading, direction manner, and public presentation are interrelated within organisational civilization and public presentation ( Mehra, Dixon, Brass, & A ; Robertson, 2006 ) . The silent premises at the nucleus of organisational civilization manifest at many unconsciousness degrees ( Brock, 2010 ) . Diversity emphasizes inclusion and common regard giving hope to pupils believed marginalized or excluded. Diversity can act upon motive and invention meeting the universal demand for inclusion and regard among pupils and teachers, which improves productiveness, satisfaction, and academic growing. Greenberg ( 2006 ) provinces organisations with constructive diverseness civilizations realize much higher degrees of motive, teamwork, satisfaction, quality, and pupil growing. Accountability supplies teachers with the information required to make and supervise pupil public presentation. The teacher can supervise influence on the pupil larning accomplishments recognizing the end of transitional acquisition to go autonomous. The pupil should be shown how to take answerability for his or her acquisition, resources, ends, and rating ( Paul & A ; Elder, 2002 ) . The transformational acquisition focal points on the fact teachers should concentrate on naming the demands and capablenesss of their pupils. The teachers diagnose pupils ‘ demands and attend to them separately. In order for transmutation to happen for a pupil, teachers should make an environment of coaction and communicating. Teachers should make an environment exciting the pupil ‘s ability to apologize and contemplate their development for perceptual experiences and point of views of his or her ain rules. Communication and trust between the teacher and pupil can advance an environment of trust, openness, and positive acquisition environment. This coaction presents an exchange of information back and for the between the teachers and the pupils. Mezirow stated, iTransformative acquisition addressesidirect interventioni ( 2003, p. 62 ) by the teacher. Enhancing communicating between pupils and teacher requires a written communicating program advancing a positive acquisition environment. 1. Communication occurs through address, composing, preparation, Internet, and assorted other signifiers 2. Communicate alterations, every bit fleetly as possible 3. Supply clip for inquiries and reply Sessionss 4. Communicate the outlooks and the aims 5. Communication is a bipartisan conversation between teacher and pupils 6. Communication should be practical and positive. Teachers will train, rede, and supply feedback for usage in the academic development of the pupils. Teachers will raise the demands and assurance degrees of the pupils to take on increased answerability. The pupil ‘s duty does non merely cover his or her educational ends but to increase pupil public presentation. Students are taking greater duty for their academic development will use to personal state of affairss. The primary apprehensiveness with positive support should use invariably and carefully. Therefore, the teacher must keep frequent communicating with the pupils. Communication is critical in any environment to carry through undertakings and aims. The interaction between the teacher and pupil builds the relationship and trust demand in advancing the acquisition environment ( Lamb & A ; Johnson, 2008 ) . Motivating communicating within the schoolroom to advance instructor/student interaction can include: 1. Asking inquiries to get pupil ideas and apprehension ; 2. Instructor provides personal experiences ; 3. Participate in treatments, reading, and explicate penetrations on subjects ; 4. Supply illustrations and explicate how class constructs applied to personal or professional life. The deficiency of planning and pull offing a diverse pupil organic structure can be a challenge for any teacher if there is a deficiency of apprehension of varied fortunes and experiences. Today ‘s society organisations and pedagogues have an duty the stakeholders, community, and pupils to understand the demands of the pupils. Organizations and teachers can utilize the four beds of diverseness tool to take to an apprehension of the pupils. The four beds of diverseness tool consist of the followers: 1. Personality: Singularity 2. Internal dimension: Age, gender, and cultural group 3. External constituent: Geographic location, pecuniary issues, divinity, instruction, employment, and matrimonial position 4. Organizational dimension: Curriculum, location, background Each component has distinctiveness to help in acknowledging persons in an mixture of ethnicities ( Lamb & A ; Johnson, 2008 ) . Achieving achievement or failure is dependent upon the combined attempts of the teachers and pupils. Developing trust is critical activity in the interaction between the teacher and pupil relationship. The ability of the teacher to place the demands of the pupils may depend on his or her ability to accommodate to alterations within the acquisition environment ( Roper, 2007 ) . The effects of the deficiency of preparation may in pupils falling behind, losing deadlines, or even failure of finishing the assignment ( Shils, 2008 ) . Organizations, course of study interior decorators, and pedagogues will necessitate to concentrate on idea out determinations, thereby accomplishing pupil demands and class outlooks. Curriculum planning can do the success or failure of the attempts of the teachers and pupils in accomplishing success in the acquisition environment. Bishop ( 2006 ) investigated jobs related to pupil answerability and challenges cut downing pupil failure. Enforcing curriculum constituents without integrating planning can endanger academic planning and pupil keeping ( Bishop, 2006 ) . Problems and challenges identified in a structured planning procedure should be resolved prior to curriculum alterations occur. Proper planning implements good decision-making and prevent possible failure after execution. Planing determines outlooks and set uping clear aims supplying elucidation to the pupils. The aims are action points to help in finding the intended ends to be accomplished within the determination devising procedure. Charting possible results and declarations in the planning phase will help in meeting desired results and aims. Recommended methodological analysiss for accomplishing aims: 1. Reding Methods i Student rating, end appraisals, and pupil reding 2. Best Practices i Ideas and alterations recommended for execution 3. Professional development i Instructor preparation 4. Specialized preparation iSpecific needs needed for successful acquisition ( Bishop, 2006 ) If effectual patterns are non evaluated, revised, and modified could endanger pupil success. If the pupils lack proper way, this can take to pupils developing their ain uneffective techniques. Instructor under qualified to help pupils, the deficiency of makings will make farther defeat and troubles for the pupils. If qualified teachers successfully address issues impacting pupils, this action can advance motive, involvement, and autonomy. Effective behavior alteration tactics can reenforce wanted behaviours and take unwanted behaviours by communicating. Facilitating positive acquisition accomplishments will advance positive behaviours and answerability by pupils. If the pupils maintain duty for their instruction such as keeping motive and positive attitude promotes a positive acquisition environment. The outlooks intended to help in understanding the demands of grownup scholars in the acquisition environment. The pedagogues need to set their behaviour and attack to the acquisition environment. The function of the teacher becomes a facilitator of acquisition, and a accelerator for pupils to incorporate larning with new, theoretical, and conceptual acquisition ( Duarte & A ; Snyder, 2001, p. 75 ) . Teachers should further the growing of the learnersi ability for identify and inquiry antecedently held beliefs and sentiments. Baumgartner stated, iTransformational acquisition is non an independent act but is an interdependent relationship built on trust ( 2001 ) . Mezirow states iTransformative larning addressesidirect interventioni by the facilitator ( 2003, p. 62 ) . The way for pupils to go critical minds involves: 1. Validation of the information i Understanding if the information offsets the cost and if the information has real-life application. 2. Develop autonomy to larning – Adults take duty for larning. 3. Use background of experience as a resource i Using background information as a foundation for application of new information. 4. Motivation i Adults learn by extrinsic and intrinsic incentives. When grownups accept and desire larning new stuff, use to life state of affairss. The demand to larn must happen prior to application to take topographic point. 5. Goals i Adults get down the acquisition experience achieve specific ends. The research conducted implies motive is important because of its deduction as a determiner of public presentation and its unsubstantial nature. Motivation can animate pupils to better, addition, and achieve academic ends ( Wadsworth, 2007 ) . When motivated, pupils display positive behavioural traits in the class and mentality. Alderferis theory implies motive will oblige a pupil to bring forth resourceful or constructive actions on personally and the acquisition environment ( Huitt, 2004 ) . Recommendations Teachers patterning effectual instruction accept the duty of maintaining treatments on path ; contribute experiences, cognition, and penetrations. The creative activity of a acquisition environment transformed in making a autonomous class does non happen overnight but requires clip, cooperation, and support. When pupils are witting of teacher ‘s reliable involvement in him or her, he or she will move in response in sort. In this type of milieus, pupils assist in doing suggestions and decision-making in their instruction. Teachers need to expose forbearance and understanding with pupils in the acquisition environment. If teachers reminisce about their ain journey to obtain an instruction, they demonstrate an apprehension to their pupil ‘s journeyiin accomplishing his or her ends in instruction. The building an enhanced acquisition environment should be the purpose every teacher should endeavor to achieve. Promoting and jointing class ends, pedagogues need to promote pupils to presume duty of their instruction. The coaction between the teacher and pupils will actuate and help pupils make self-discovery. In order for pupils to develop the acquisition accomplishments for success, requires a changeless reappraisal and alteration of learning manners. Flexibility and alteration of learning methods must be a demand for teachers to run into the demands of the pupils. Decision Dewey ( 1938 ) noted, without proper contemplation and way these pupils to their ain attack to larning endangering academic success. Teachers need to stay painstaking in measuring and implementing grownup larning theories into his or her patterns. Understanding the function of teachers affects the acquisition on pupils and professional business ( Brock, 2010 ) . Transformation larning theory identifies there is no individual attack to run into the demands of all pupils ; flexibleness is required as each pupil is alone. Education does non happen within the confines of a schoolroom, despite a common misunderstanding of an instruction. The boundaries of an instruction expand to every facet in an person ‘s mundane state of affairss ( Gutek, 2004 ) . Education is a womb-to-tomb procedure, spread outing the skylines of one ‘s cognition. Education is biased merely to those who prefer to populate in ignorance, the transmutation occurs when pupil understands there is more to life than misguided impression and attitudes.